Spherical Graphite
Anode Material Specification
Veintex Spherical Graphite Anode Material
Note: Exact specifications may vary depending on the manufacturer and specific application requirements. Always consult with the battery cell manufacturer for their precise specifications.
1. General Material Properties
Material Type:
- Natural Graphite: Sourced from high-quality veins
- Synthetic Graphite: Processed from petroleum coke or other carbon sources
Carbon Content (Purity):
- Natural Graphite: >99.95%
- Synthetic Graphite: >99.98%
Other Properties:
- Moisture Content: <0.02%
- Ash Content: <0.05%
- Volatile Matter: <0.10%
- pH Value: 6.8 - 7.2
Physical Characteristics:
- Surface Morphology: Spherical, smooth surface with low defect density
- Crystal Structure: Highly crystalline, hexagonal
- Appearance: Gray to black spherical particles
2. Particle Size Distribution
Particle Size Uniformity: Tight control within ±2 µm of target size
Available Size Categories:
| Size Category | D10 (µm) | D50 (µm) | D90 (µm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fine | 5 - 7 | 10 - 12 | 18 - 20 |
| Small | 7 - 9 | 13 - 16 | 20 - 25 |
| Medium | 9 - 12 | 16 - 19 | 25 - 30 |
| Large | 12 - 15 | 19 - 22 | 30 - 35 |
| Extra Large | 15 - 18 | 22 - 25 | 35 - 40 |
Note: D10, D50, and D90 represent the diameter at which 10%, 50%, and 90% of the particles are smaller than the stated size, respectively.
3. Electrochemical Performance
- First Cycle Coulombic Efficiency:≥93%
- Reversible Capacity:360 - 370 mAh/g
- First Cycle Irreversible Loss:≤7%
Cycling Stability:
Capacity Retention after 500 Cycles: ≥95%
Rate Capability:
- 1C: 360 mAh/g
- 5C: 340 mAh/g
- 10C: 320 mAh/g
4. Physical Properties
- BET Surface Area:1.5 - 3.5 m²/g
- Tap Density:1.5 - 1.9 g/cm³
- Compaction Density:2.0 - 2.2 g/cm³
- True Density:2.2 - 2.3 g/cm³
- Porosity:<2%
- Hardness:7 - 9 Mohs
5. Thermal and Electrical Properties
- Thermal Conductivity:150 - 200 W/mK
- Electrical Conductivity:≥10 S/cm (100,000 S/m)
- Thermal Expansion Coefficient:4.5 × 10⁻⁶ /°C
- Decomposition Temperature:>600°C in inert atmosphere
- Heat Capacity:0.71 J/g°C
- Oxidation Resistance:High thermal stability, negligible weight loss up to 400°C in air
6. Structural Properties
- Crystallite Size (La):≥45 nm
- Disorder (ID/IG Ratio in Raman Spectroscopy):<0.05
- XRD Analysis:Well-defined peaks at 26.5° and 54.7° indicating high crystallinity
7. Chemical Impurities (ppm max)
| Element | Maximum Allowed (ppm) | Element | Maximum Allowed (ppm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fe (Iron) | 8 | Ca (Calcium) | 2 |
| Si (Silicon) | 3 | Mg (Magnesium) | 1 |
| Al (Aluminum) | 3 | Ni (Nickel) | 10 |
| Cu (Copper) | 2 | Cr (Chromium) | 5 |
| S (Sulfur) | 1 | ||
| Cl (Chlorine) | 0.5 |
8. Vapor Coating Process Specifications
- Coating Method:Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
- Reactor Type:Fluidized bed reactor
- Temperature Range:900°C - 1100°C
- Pressure:1.1 - 1.2 atm
- Gas Composition:
- Carbon source: Methane (CH₄) or Ethylene (C₂H₄)
- Carrier gas: Argon or Nitrogen
- Gas Flow Rates:
- Carbon source: 10 - 50 sccm
- Carrier gas: 500 - 1000 sccm
- Coating Time:2 - 4 hours
- Coating Thickness:5 - 20 nm
8.1 Coating Quality Control
- In-situ monitoring of gas composition
- Real-time temperature and pressure logging
- Post-process SEM analysis for coating uniformity
- Raman spectroscopy for coating quality assessment
- TEM analysis for precise coating thickness measurement
8.2 Coated Material Performance Requirements
- Improvement in first cycle efficiency: ≥2% over uncoated material
- Improvement in capacity retention: ≥3% over uncoated material after 100 cycles
9. Environmental and Safety Considerations
- RoHS Compliance:Yes
- REACH Registration:Yes
- Heavy Metal Content:Below detection limits for Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr(VI)
- Flammability:Non-flammable under standard conditions
Coating Process Safety:
- Reactor pressure relief system
- Inert gas purging before and after coating
- Gas detectors for leak detection
- Emergency shutdown protocols
Environmental Controls:
- Gas scrubbing system for exhaust
- Recycling of unreacted precursor gases
10. Packaging and Storage
Standard Packaging Options:
- 25 kg Drums: Polyethylene-lined, fiber or metal drums with moisture-proof seals
- 50 kg Bags: Woven polypropylene bags with double-layer polyethylene inner lining
- Custom Packaging: Available upon request, including anti-static or vacuum-sealed bags
Labeling: Includes batch number, material grade, purity, coating specifications, and safety information
Storage Conditions:
- Store in a cool, dry environment, protected from moisture
- Recommended storage temperature: 15°C - 25°C
Shelf Life: 2 years from date of manufacture if stored properly
11. Quality Assurance and Testing
- Testing Standards: ASTM, ISO, and relevant industry-specific standards
- Batch Certification: Each batch is tested and certified for compliance with specifications
- Lot Traceability: Full traceability from raw material to finished product
- Sampling: Random sampling per batch, with testing for particle size, purity, coating quality, and electrochemical performance
- Coating Process Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of coating parameters with real-time data logging
12. Primary Applications
Lithium-ion Battery Anodes for:
- Electric Vehicles (EV)
- Consumer Electronics
- Energy Storage Systems (ESS)
Other Applications:
- High-power energy tools
- Grid storage solutions
- Hybrid vehicles
Need More Information?
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